N'ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka mmanụ, gas, kemịkalụ, na ike, pipeline na-ebu ibu ọrụ dị arọ nke ibufe mgbasa ozi, dị ka arịa ọbara. Otú ọ dị, ọkpọkọ ndị a na-enwe ike imebi n'ihi ogologo oge - ikuku mmiri, kemịkalụ na-emebi emebi, ma ọ bụ oke okpomọkụ. Nke a abụghị naanị na-ebelata ndụ ọrụ ha mana ọ nwekwara ike bute ihe nchekwa dị ka ntapu na mgbawa. Mpụta corrosion{4}} ọkpọkọ ígwè na-eguzogide na-edozi nsogbu a. Site na usoro pụrụ iche, a na-emepụta oyi akwa mkpuchi n'elu ọkpọkọ ígwè, na-eme dị ka ọta nchebe, na-agbatị ogologo ndụ nke ọkpọkọ ma hụ na arụ ọrụ usoro dị mma.
1. Ihe kachasi mkpa nke corrosion -Steel Pipe: Ngwakọta nke ọkpọ ígwè na oyi akwa nchekwa.
N'isi ya, ọkpọkọ ígwè na-eguzogide corrosion - ka bụ ọkpọkọ ígwè a na-emekarị (dị ka enweghị nkebi, spirally welded, ma ọ bụ ogologo{1}} ọnụ mmiri welded), ma ọ dị iche na corrosion - na-eguzogide ihe na-etinye n'ime na n'elu elu nke ọkpọkọ. Enwere ike ịkewa akwa nchekwa ndị a ụzọ atọ dabere na ihe na usoro eji: mkpuchi, mkpuchi, na nchedo corrosion electrochemical. Ihe mkpuchi bụ ihe kachasị eji teknụzụ ndị a eme ihe.
Ihe mkpuchi a na-ahụkarị gụnyere mkpuchi ntụ ntụ epoxy (FBE), polyethylene atọ{{0} oyi akwa (3PE), teepu ntanye polyethylene, na polyurethane. Na-ewere 3PE dị ka ihe atụ, ọ mejupụtara a isi oyi akwa nke epoxy ntụ ntụ (na-enye ike adhesion na ígwè ọkpọkọ na chemical iguzogide), a n'etiti oyi akwa nke nrapado (ijikọ epoxy oyi akwa na elu polyethylene oyi akwa), na elu oyi akwa nke polyethylene (iguzogide n'ibu mmebi na UV ụzarị). Ọdịdị oyi akwa atọ a- na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji guzogide corrosion sitere na ala na mmiri oké osimiri, ma na-anagide mmetụta anụ ahụ mgbe e liri ya ma ọ bụ n'elu.
2. "Nchedo nchekwa" nke mgbochi -Ụdị nchara nchara: Ihe atọ maka mgbochi nrụrụ.
Nbibi metal bụ n'ezie mmeghachi omume electrochemical. Mgbe ọkpọkọ ígwè batara na mmiri, oxygen, na electrolytes (dị ka nnu n'ime ala), mkpụrụ ndụ galvanic na-etolite, na-eme ka atom ígwè kwụsịlata electrons na oxidize (na-akpụ nchara). Ọkpụkpọ ígwè na-eguzogide corrosion{2} na-egbochi usoro a site n'ụzọ ndị a:
Kewapụrụ anụ ahụ: Ihe mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi (dị ka polyethylene ma ọ bụ seramiiki) na-ekewapụ ọkpọkọ nchara kpamkpam na ihe na-emebi emebi, na-egbochi kọntaktị ozugbo.
Passivation kemịkalụ: Ụfọdụ mkpuchi (dị ka epoxy ntụ ntụ) na-emeghachi omume na ọkpọkọ nchara na-eme ihe nkiri ngafe siri ike, na-egbochi mbufe elektrọn.
Nchedo Electrochemical: Mmetụta dị ugbu a nchebe cathodic (ICCP) nkà na ụzụ (nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mkpuchi) na-etinye aka na-atụgharị ugbu a na ọkpọkọ ígwè, na-atụgharị ya ka ọ bụrụ cathode, si otú ahụ na-egbochi ya ka ọ ghara imebi dị ka anode.
Maka mmanụ ọkụ na-eli ozu na pipeline gas, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mkpuchi 3PE na-eguzogide ntinye nke mmiri na nnu site na ala, ebe usoro nchebe cathodic na-enye nchebe ọzọ, na-eme ka usoro mmebi ahụ kwụsị ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na mkpuchi ahụ mebiri emebi.
3. Map ike nke corrosion -Ọkpụkpụ ígwè na-eguzogide: Na-adaba na ọnọdụ dị iche iche
Ihe nchedo corrosion chọrọ dịgasị iche iche n'ofe ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, na-ebute ụdị corrosion dị iche iche{0}} ụdị ọkpọkọ ígwè na-eguzogide nke e mere iji dozie ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi:
Maka pipeline e liri: 3PE ma ọ bụ epoxy coal tar mkpuchi na-ahọrọ. Nke mbụ na-eguzogide nrụgide ala na ntinye mgbọrọgwụ osisi, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ikuku gas na njem mmanụ a nụchara anụcha; nke ikpeazụ dị obere{2}}ọnụ na mmiri{3} na-eguzogide, na-eme ka a na-ejikarị ya na netwọk mmiri na drainage.
Gburugburu mmiri: Inweta ịgba nnu dị elu, ụzarị ọkụ UV siri ike, na imikpu mmiri mmiri, epoxy powder + polyurethane mpụta n'ọbọ ma ọ bụ titanium nano{1}} ọkpọkọ nchara nwere mkpuchi dabara adaba karịa, yana ogologo ndụ nguzogide nnu nwere ihe karịrị afọ 20.
Okpomọkụ dị elu na gburugburu{{1} gburugburu nrụgide: Maka netwọk ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ pipeline mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, mkpuchi seramiiki ma ọ bụ mkpuchi epoxy dị elu (nwere ike iguzogide okpomọkụ karịrị ogo 300) ka akwadoro, na-enye ma nguzogide corrosion na nrụrụ okpomọkụ.
Mgbasa ozi pụrụ iche: Mgbe ị na-ebu ihe ngwọta acidic na alkaline (dị ka sulfuric acid na lye), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE){0}}a chọrọ ọkpọkọ ígwè. Inertness kemịkalụ ya na-eme ka ọ na-eguzogide ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmiri niile na-emebi emebi.
4. Uru nke Mgbochi - nchara nchara: Nkwenye Ugboro Abụọ nke Economy na Safety
Uru akụ na ụba dị na iji ọkpọkọ ígwè na-emebi emebi{{0} dị ịrịba ama. Ọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa ka edochie ọkpọkọ nchara nkịtị kwa afọ 3{3}5 n'ime gburugburu ebe ndị na-emebi emebi, ebe nnukwu{4}}mma mgbochi - ọkpọkọ nchara nwere ike ịdịru afọ 20{11}} (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 3PE mgbochi corrosion e liri pipeline bụ nke a na-emepụtakarị maka ndụ afọ 50). Dị ka ihe atụ, mgbawa pipeline gas sitere na corrosion na ntapu nwere ike ịkpata mfu akụ na ụba nke ọtụtụ narị nde yuan kpọmkwem. Otú ọ dị, itinye ego na ọkpọkọ ígwè mgbochi corrosion bụ nanị 5%-15% nke ọnụ ahịa pipeline zuru ezu, ma nwere ike ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke ihe mberede site n'elu 90%.
Na mgbakwunye, ọkpọkọ ígwè na-egbochi{{0} corrosion ígwè na-akwalite mmepe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke dị ala{1}}carbon. Corrosion na-ebelata arụmọrụ pipeline (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịchafụ na-abawanye nkwụsi ike), ebe mgbochi - ọgwụgwọ corrosion na-edobe elu ọkpọkọ dị n'ime nke ọma, na-ebelata ike ọgwụgwụ. Ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ na-ebelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọkpọkọ ígwè a tụfuru.
Mmechi: "Onye nlekọta na-adịghị ahụ anya" na-echebe usoro ndụ nke ụlọ ọrụ
Site na nnukwu mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ{0}East Gas Pipeline network ruo na nnyefe nke osisi kemịkalụ dị n'ụsọ osimiri, site na sistemu mmiri dị n'ime ime obodo ruo na pipeline ike nke ọdụ nyocha polar, ọkpọkọ nchara corrosion na-echekwa na nzuzo na nchekwa nchekwa na arụmọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ. Site n'ọganihu na sayensị ihe yana mgbochi teknụzụ na-emebi ihe (dị ka mmepe nke nano- mkpuchi mkpuchi na ọgụgụ isi nlekota mgbochi - corrosion n'ígwé), ọnyà nchara nchara n'ọdịnihu ga-akawanye nke ọma ma na-adịgide adịgide, na-aga n'ihu na-eje ozi dị ka ntọala siri ike maka nchekwa na ngalaba ike na akụrụngwa zuru ụwa ọnụ.
